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Supai, Arizona

Coordinates: 36°13′48″N 112°41′33″W / 36.23000°N 112.69250°W / 36.23000; -112.69250
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Supai, Arizona
CDP
Church building in Supai
Church building in Supai
Location in Coconino County and the state of Arizona
Location in Coconino County and the state of Arizona
Supai is located in Arizona
Supai
Supai
Location in Arizona
Supai is located in the United States
Supai
Supai
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 36°13′48″N 112°41′33″W / 36.23000°N 112.69250°W / 36.23000; -112.69250
Country United States
State Arizona
CountyCoconino
Area
[1]
 • Total
1.72 sq mi (4.46 km2)
 • Land1.72 sq mi (4.46 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
[2]
3,202 ft (976 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
208
 • Density120.9302/sq mi (46.6367/km2)
Time zoneUTC-7 (MST)
ZIP code
86435
Area code928
FIPS code04-71230
GNIS feature ID2410036[2]
Websitetheofficialhavasupaitribe.com

Supai (Havasupai: Havasuuw) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, within the Grand Canyon.

As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 208.[3] The capital of the Havasupai Indian Reservation, Supai is the only place in the United States where mail is still carried in and out by mules.[4]

Supai has been referred to as "the most remote community" in the contiguous United States by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.[5] It is accessible only by helicopter, on foot or by mule. Supai is 8 miles (13 km) from the nearest road and has no automobiles in the community.[4]

History

[edit]

In 1910 there was a flood of Supai which affected the town.[6]

In the 1960s Martin Goodfriend, a tourist, began to advocate for the Supai people, and a columnist of the Arizona Republic, Don Dedera, wrote articles about Goodfriend's findings.[7] Dedera stated that Goodfriend countered a view that Supai was a kind of "Shangri-la".[8]

Tourists and some residents were evacuated from Supai and surrounding area on August 17 and 18, 2008,[9] due to flooding of Havasu Creek complicated by the failure of the earthen Redlands Dam (subsequent to the main flooding event[10][11]) after a night of heavy rainfall. Evacuees were taken to Peach Springs, Arizona.[12] More heavy rains were expected and a flash flood warning was put into effect, necessitating the evacuation, according to the National Park Service.[13] The floods were significant enough to attract coverage from international media.[12][14]

Damage to the trails, bridges, and campground was severe enough for Havasupai to close visitor access to the village, campground, and falls until the spring of 2009.[15] Further flooding in 2010 resulted in damage to repairs made previously and closures effective until May 2011.[citation needed] In July 2018, flash flooding forced the helicopter evacuation of 200 visitors.[16] All tourism was suspended from March 2020 until February 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[17][18]

Geography and climate

[edit]
The Wigleeva rock formations watch over Supai

Located within the Grand Canyon, Supai is accessible only by foot, pack animal or helicopter. It is the only place in the United States where mules still carry the mail, most of which is food.[19][20]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2), all land. It lies 3,195 feet (974 m) above sea level.

Climate

[edit]
Supai has a cool desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) , with very hot summers coupled with mild nights, and relatively mild winters with nights cooling off to below freezing on many days.
Climate data for Supai, 1956–1987
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 79
(26) 		87
(31) 		95
(35) 		98
(37) 		104
(40) 		112
(44) 		116
(47) 		111
(44) 		111
(44) 		102
(39) 		86
(30) 		85
(29) 		116
(47)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 52.8
(11.6) 		59.8
(15.4) 		67.7
(19.8) 		76.1
(24.5) 		85.1
(29.5) 		95.7
(35.4) 		99.0
(37.2) 		95.6
(35.3) 		90.1
(32.3) 		77.0
(25.0) 		62.8
(17.1) 		52.8
(11.6) 		76.1
(24.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 29.4
(−1.4) 		34.5
(1.4) 		39.2
(4.0) 		45.5
(7.5) 		53.2
(11.8) 		61.7
(16.5) 		67.1
(19.5) 		65.4
(18.6) 		58.4
(14.7) 		47.8
(8.8) 		37.4
(3.0) 		30.0
(−1.1) 		47.5
(8.6)
Record low °F (°C) −1
(−18) 		5
(−15) 		13
(−11) 		23
(−5) 		29
(−2) 		36
(2) 		46
(8) 		42
(6) 		34
(1) 		19
(−7) 		0
(−18) 		−4
(−20) 		−4
(−20)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.61
(15) 		0.63
(16) 		0.88
(22) 		0.38
(9.7) 		0.41
(10) 		0.26
(6.6) 		1.24
(31) 		1.42
(36) 		0.65
(17) 		0.61
(15) 		0.72
(18) 		0.75
(19) 		8.54
(217)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.4
(1.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.6
(1.5) 		1.2
(3.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 4 4 5 3 2 1 5 6 3 3 3 4 44
Source: WRCC[21]

Demographics

[edit]

As with many communities living on reservations, the census is often miscounted.[22] In the 2020 census, the population of Supai was counted as zero.[22] In 2023, the Associated Press reported that "about 500 of the nearly 770" members of the Havasupai tribe live in the village.[23]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1990423—
200050318.9%
2010208−58.6%
20200−100.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[24]
  • (The 2020 US Census incorrectly reported the population as being 0 due to "uncertain [reasons]" according to the tribal chairman Thomas Siyuja Sr.)[22]

As of the census of 2010,[3] there were 208 people and 43 households. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.6% Native American, 0.5% White, 0.5% Other, and 2.4% of mixed race. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population.

There were 43 households, out of which 34.9% were married families living together, 32.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 14.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 18.6% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.84.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 16, 10.4% from 16 to 21, 54.8% from 21 to 65, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25.2 years. 48.6% of the population was male; 51.4% was female.

Government and infrastructure

[edit]
Mule train in front of the convenience store and post office

Supai is located inside the Grand Canyon on tribal lands outside of national park jurisdiction and is governed by the tribe.[19]

There is a post office in Supai. Mules are used to ferry mail between Supai and the rest of the United States. Perishable goods are, as of 2016, stored in a walk-in freezer at the Peach Springs, Arizona, post office while they await being loaded onto mules.[25][20][19] According to The Smithsonian, the Peach Springs post office is the only one in the country with a walk-in freezer.[19]

A contractor, who as of 2016 had held the contract with the post office for 25 years, picks up the mail and drives it an hour to the trailhead, where it's loaded onto mules for the journey down the canyon.[19] Each mule carries up to 200 pounds of mail.[19]

Access

[edit]
Parking at Hualapai Hilltop, the trailhead for the 8-mile (13 km) trail into Supai.

Supai can be reached by hiking 8 miles (13 km), descending 2,004 feet (611 m) in elevation from Hualapai Hilltop through the Hualapai Canyon.[26] Helicopters also fly from Hualapai Hilltop into Supai.[27] Hualapai Hilltop, the trailhead for Havasupai Trail, is located about 70 miles (110 km) from the community of Peach Springs, along paved BIA Road 18.

Education

[edit]
Havasupai Elementary School

There is one K–8 school in Supai, Havasupai Elementary School, run by the Bureau of Indian Education. Additionally, by 1970 there was a Head Start program in Supai.[28]

Supai lacks a high school.[29] In 1988, Havasupai ES was K-8, and residents went to boarding schools after the 8th grade. The most common boarding school, that year, was Sherman Indian High School in Riverside, California.[30] In 1967, most older students (past the second grade, the upper grade at Havasupai ES at the time) attended school in Fort Apache or Phoenix.[31] In that time period some students went to boarding schools in California.[7] Some other students stayed with host families and attended school district-operated public schools.[32] Prior to its closure, the Phoenix Indian School was the closest Native American boarding high school to Supai.[33]

According to Coconino County's parcel viewer, Supai is in the "Unorganized School District #00".[34] According to Arizona law, an unorganized school district is one that does not have a high school.[35] The 2010 U.S. Census school district map for Coconino County shows Supai as in "School District Not Defined".[36] Areas not in school districts are under the jurisdiction of the respective County Superintendent of Schools.[37]

Culture

[edit]

Reggae music is popular in the Supai community; according to Afropop, the residents feel "a kinship with the Rastafarian faith".[38][39] According Cannabis Culture, Bob Marley had wanted to visit but died before he could make the trip.[40] Tyrone Downie and Cedelia Booker learned of the popularity of the music after Chris Blackwell encountered several Supai residents in a Las Vegas record store buying reggae and helicoptered into Supai in 1982 with a grand piano and played a concert.[38][41][40]

In 1984 an Arizona reggae band, Shagnatty, gave a concert; a photojournalist accompanying the band reported residents told her the music had been popular in the community for as long as 25 years, when visitors from California had introduced it.[39][41] She describes community members joining the band on stage and toasting in Supai.[41]

Tourism

[edit]

Tourism is economically important.[42] When COVID-19 shut down area tourism, the tribe estimated a 60-day closure of tourism to Supai would result in a 15% loss to the tribe's annual revenues.[43]

As of 2014 approximately 20,000 people visit each year, most to see and hike around Havasu Falls and other nearby waterfalls.[20][27] There is a campground and Havasupai Lodge in Supai on tribal grounds, and a National Park Service campground and Phantom Ranch outside of Supai on national park grounds.

Services

[edit]

Supai has one small, air-conditioned lodge (Havasupai Lodge), a convenience store and a cafe.[44]

  • Mule train from Supai carrying U.S. Postal Service boxes
    Mule train from Supai carrying U.S. Postal Service boxes
  • Water tanks above the village, supplying water pressure for plumbing
    Water tanks above the village, supplying water pressure for plumbing
  • Supai AZ postmark, unique for its "mule train" design
    Supai AZ postmark, unique for its "mule train" design
  • Helicopter and helipad
    Helicopter and helipad

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Supai, Arizona
  3. ^ a b "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Supai CDP, Arizona". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Bill Geist (January 23, 2000). "Special Delivery: Mail By Mule". CBS News Sunday Morning. CBS News. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  5. ^ "USDA Rural Utilities Administrator Visits Supai Tribe in Arizona to Announce a Recovery Act Broadband Project". U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  6. ^ "Wrecked By Wall of Water". The Nebraska State Journal. January 12, 1910. p. 5. - Clipping of Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b "Santa Monican Spends 12 Years Befriending Grand Canyon Indians". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. December 21, 1967. p. 2. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Dedera, Don (January 24, 1971). "The Man Who Spoiled Paradise". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. p. 7. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ Chris Dolmetsch (August 18, 2008). "Grand Canyon Flooding Forces Evacuations, Searches (Update2)". Bloomberg News. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  10. ^ "Redlands dam and Grand Canyon flooding". Arizona Geology, blog of the State Geologist of Arizona. August 19, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  11. ^ Dougherty, John (September 3, 2008). "New Interest in Warning System After Grand Canyon Flood". The New York Times. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  12. ^ a b Rajesh Mirchandani (August 17, 2008). "Dam evacuations in Grand Canyon". BBC. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  13. ^ "Hikers located after Grand Canyon flood". NBC News. Associated Press. August 17, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  14. ^ "Honderden geëvacueerd uit Grand Canyon". Dutch online news site nu.nl. August 18, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  15. ^ "Camping". HavasupaiTribe.com. February 19, 2009. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  16. ^ Gilbertson, Dawn (July 12, 2018). "Flash flood closes Havasupai Falls area of Grand Canyon; 200 tourists evacuated". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  17. ^ Yeager, Melissa (June 11, 2021). "Havasupai Falls won't reopen until 2022. Here's what we know about reservations, rebooking". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  18. ^ Yeager, Melissa (May 12, 2022). "Arizona's Havasu Falls closed to visitors until 2023". Lonely Planet. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  19. ^ a b c d e f Ostroff, Hannah S. (August 25, 2016). "In the Grand Canyon, the U.S. Postal Service still delivers mail by mule". Smithsonian. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  20. ^ a b c Brandt, Junemarie (April 29, 2016). "Mule Mail". Postal Posts. USPS. Retrieved July 12, 2022. In 2014, I visited the Supai, Arizona, Post Office™ facility—the last Post Office™ in the U.S. receiving mail by mule.
  21. ^ "Station Name: Supai, Arizona (028343)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  22. ^ a b c Brown, Kellyn (March 9, 2022). "Native Americans Fret as Report Card Released on 2020 Census". Flathead Beacon. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  23. ^ Fonseca, Felicia (May 12, 2023). "Forced from Grand Canyon National Park, the Havasupai Tribe embraces spiritual homecoming". AP News. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  24. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  25. ^ Hoy, Anne Q. (July 17, 1989). "Postal Service's red ink is rural towns' lifeblood". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. pp. A1, A6. - Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ Witt, Greg (2010). Exploring Havasupai: A Guide to the Heart of the Grand Canyon. Birmingham, Alabama: Menasha Ridge Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-89732-654-4.
  27. ^ a b "Supai". Visit Arizona. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  28. ^ "Camera Use Helps Indian Children Learn English". The Fresno Bee. Fresno, California. October 11, 1970. p. B2. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ Fonseca, Felicia (April 5, 2018). "Arizona tribe: Ruling could help Native students across U.S." Durango, Colorado. Associated Press. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  30. ^ Conner, Pat (May 29, 1988). "The livin' is pleasurably slow in secluded Supai". The Arizona Daily Star. p. D6. - Clipping (Detail view 1 and Detail view 2) at Newspapers.com.
  31. ^ Dedera, Don (October 2, 1967). "Slow Starvation Diet Order of Day For the So-Called Paradise-Supai". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 21. = Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ Eiler, Terry (June 14, 1970). "Head Start in the Grand Canyon". New York Sunday News. New York City. p. 6. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Indians protest land swap, closing of Phoenix School". The Arizona Republic. June 12, 1988. p. B8. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "Coconino County Parcel Viewer". Coconino County. Retrieved July 11, 2021. - Permalink to map with school district boundary Archived January 17, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Article 15 Student Eligibility Rules" (PDF). Paradise Valley Unified School District. p. 38 (PDF p. 2/14). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  36. ^ "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Coconino County, AZ" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 12, 2024. - Text list
  37. ^ "Arizna" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 1. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  38. ^ a b Hille, Judy (October 31, 1982). "Jamaican connection". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. pp. D1, D7. - Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ a b Smith, CC (December 20, 2018). "Afropop Worldwide | Best of The Beat on Afropop: Skanking With the Supai". Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  40. ^ a b Emery, Marc (August 26, 2008). "Stephen Marley: Mind Control". Cannabis Culture.
  41. ^ a b c Trepper, Beth (April 1984). "Skanking with the Supai" (PDF). Reggae and African Beat.
  42. ^ Gerke, Sarah Bohl; Hirt, Paul. "Havasupai Reservation". Arizona State University.
  43. ^ "Grand Canyon's Havasupai Tribe seeks aid after loss of tourism from COVID-19". Navajo-Hopi Observer. April 14, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  44. ^ Witt, Greg (2010). Exploring Havasupai: A Guide to the Heart of the Grand Canyon. Birmingham, Alabama: Menasha Ridge Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-89732-654-4.
[edit]

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